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4.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 34(2): 89-94, ago. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-959412

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de un dispositivo binivel autoajustable sobre los eventos respiratorios en pacientes adultos con síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño (SAOS) grave. Se revisaron las polisomnografías (PSG) realizadas con el uso de un dispositivo de binivel autoajustable. La arquitectura de sueño, eventos respiratorios, saturación de O2 (SpO2) y dióxido de carbono exhalado (EtCO2) se compararon entre la PSG basal y la PSG terapéutica. Resultados: Se incluyeron 10 PSG. El dispositivo binivel autoajustable corrigió la arquitectura de sueño; disminuyó el índice de apnea hipopnea (IAH) de 76 (39-137) a 14 (6-13) a expensas de apneas obstructivas y mixtas (p < 0,05), no se observó descenso significativo en las hipopneas. Las apneas centrales incrementaron de 0,5 (0-12,4) a 8,2 (0-20) h−1. La SpO2 y EtCO2 mejoraron. Conclusiones: En pacientes con SAOS grave el dispositivo binivel autoajustable corrige la arquitectura de sueño, mejora la SpO2 y EtCO2 y disminuye el IAH a expensas de apneas obstructivas y mixtas, pero podría no eliminar las hipopneas e incrementar las apneas centrales.


Objective: To evaluate the effect of an auto-bilevel device on respiratory events in adults with severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Polysomnographies (PSG) with the use of auto-bilevel device were reviewed. Sleep architecture, respiratory events, O2 saturation (SpO2) and exhaled carbon dioxide (EtCO2) were compared among baseline and therapeutic PSG. Results: We included 10 PSG. Auto-bilevel device corrected the sleep architecture; the apnea hypopnea index (AHI) decreased from 76 (39-137) to 14 (6-13) at the expense of obstructive and mixed apneas (p < 0.05), there was no significant decrease in hypopneas. Central apneas increased from 0.5 (0-12.4) to 8.2 (0-20) h−1. SpO2 and EtCO2 improved. Conclusions: In severe OSAS auto-bilevel device corrects sleep architecture, improves SpO2 and EtCO2 and decreases AHI at the expense of obstructive and mixed apneas, but could not eliminate hypopneas and even could increase central apneas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Biomedical Engineering/instrumentation , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/diagnosis , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/therapy , Equipment and Supplies , Biomedical Engineering/methods , Polysomnography , Continuous Positive Airway Pressure/instrumentation , Continuous Positive Airway Pressure/methods
5.
Rev. saúde pública ; 46(supl.1): 29-36, Dez. 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-668911

ABSTRACT

O subsistema de base mecânica, eletrônica e de materiais, um dos subsistemas do complexo produtivo da saúde, reúne diferentes atividades, usualmente agregadas na designada indústria de equipamentos e materiais médico-hospitalares e odontológicos, uma área estratégica para a saúde por representar uma fonte contínua de mudanças nas práticas assistenciais. Além de exercer influência na prestação de serviços de saúde, possui potencial de promover o adensamento do sistema nacional de inovação e de ampliar a competitividade da indústria como um todo, dado que articula tecnologias portadoras de futuro. Apesar do crescimento significativo dessa indústria no Brasil nos últimos anos, esses equipamentos e materiais têm apresentado um crescente déficit na balança comercial. Essa incompatibilidade entre as necessidades nacionais de saúde e a base produtiva e inovativa da indústria aponta fragilidades estruturais do subsistema. Utilizando o arcabouço da economia política, o objetivo do artigo foi discutir o desenvolvimento dessa indústria no Brasil e seus desafios.


The mechanics, electronics and materials subsystem, one of the subsystems of the health care productive complex, encompasses different activities, usually clustered in what is called the medical, hospital and dental equipment and materials industry. This is a strategic area for health care, since it represents a continuous source of changes in care practices, and influences the provision of health care services. It has, moreover, potential for promoting the progress of Brazil's system of innovation and for increasing the competitiveness of the industry as a whole, given that it articulates future technologies. Despite the significant growth of this industry in Brazil in recent years, such equipment and materials have been presenting a growing deficit in the balance of trade. This incompatibility between national health care needs and the productive and innovative basis of the industry points to structural fragilities in the system. Using the framework of political economy, the article aims to discuss the development of this industry in Brazil and its challenges.


OBJETIVO: El subsistema de base mecánica, electrónica y de materiales, uno de los subsistemas del complejo productivo de la salud, reúne diferentes actividades, usualmente agregadas en la designada industria de equipos y materiales médico-hospitalarios y odontológicos, un área estratégica para la salud por representar una fuente continua de cambios en las prácticas asistenciales. Además de ejercer influencia en la prestación de servicios de salud, posee potencial de promover la saturación del sistema nacional de innovación y de ampliar la competitividad de la industria como un todo, dado que articula tecnologías portadoras de futuro. A pesar del crecimiento significativo de esta industria en Brasil en los últimos años, los equipos y materiales han presentado un creciente déficit en la balanza comercial. Esta incompatibilidad entre las necesidades nacionales de salud y la base productiva e innovadora de la industria señalan fragilidades estructurales del subsistema. Utilizando el armazón de la economía política, el objetivo del artículo fue discutir el desarrollo de ésta industria en Brasil y sus desafíos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Equipment/economics , Economic Development/trends , Electronics, Medical/instrumentation , Equipment and Supplies, Hospital/economics , Health Policy , Health Services/economics , Biomedical Engineering/instrumentation , Brazil , Health Services/trends , Industry , National Science, Technology and Innovation Policy , Organizational Innovation , Technology
6.
Arq. bras. ciênc. saúde ; 35(1)jan.-abr. 2010.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-549828

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Realizou-se estudo experimental com objetivo de avaliar a resistência de nós de fios metálicos confeccionados com tensionador de fios AO-ASIF (Grupo 1) comparados àqueles realizados com torção manual (Grupo 2), na síntese do tipo tirante de tensão. Método: Foram utilizados 28 corpos-de-prova de nylon 6,6 com 32 mm de diâmetro e 50 cm de comprimento com uma secção transversal incompleta de 27 mm no centro, formando uma zona de tensão na face íntegra do tarugo. Os fios foram aplicados aos tarugos e dois tipos de nós foram utilizados (Grupos 1 e 2). O conjunto foi montado em máquina de ensaios mecânicos de tração/compressão até fadiga da síntese, com mensuração da tensão. Resultados: O resultado estatístico da tensão no momento de fadiga, segundo média, desvio padrão, mediana, tensão mínima e máxima, demonstrou que o grupo 1 possui um nó 50% menos resistente à distração que o grupo 2. Conclusão: Os resultados mostraram que o tensionador de fios AO-ASIF produz um nó cerca de 50% menos resistente à distração quando comparado ao nó de torção manual.


Introduction: An experimental study aiming at evaluating the resistance of metallic threads knots made using a thread tensionator AO-ASIF (Group 1) was accomplished in order to compare them to those made with manual torsion (Group 2) in the tension strut type synthesis. Method: Twenty-eight proof bodies were used. They consisted of nylon 6.6 with 32 mm of diameter and 50 cm of length with an incomplete transversal section of 27 mm in the center, forming a tension zone in the pin?s complete face. The threads were applied to the pins and two-knot types were used (Groups 1 and 2). The proof body and cerclage were set up in a traction/compression mechanical assays machine till synthesis fatigue, measuring the tension. Results: Tension statistical results obtained in the fatigue moment, using the average, deviation standard, medium, minimum and maximum tension, demonstrated that Group 1 has a knot 50% less resistant to the distraction than Group 2. Conclusion: The results showed that the thread tensionator AO-ASIF produces a knot almost 50% less resistant to the distraction when compared to the manual torsion knot.


Subject(s)
Biomedical Engineering/instrumentation , Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods , Immobilization , Patella , Stress, Mechanical
7.
Rev. salud pública ; 11(4): 653-661, jul.-ago. 2009. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-538756

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Comparar la calidad del servicio de mantenimiento de dos entidades de salud. Una posee los servicios de mantenimientos tercerizados y la otra propios. El indicador de calidad bajo estudio es el tiempo de cambio de estado. Estudiar el comportamiento de la productividad del servicio de salud versus la disponibilidad. Materiales y Métodos. Se realizó un levantamiento del inventario de los equipos médicos y no médicos en dos servicios de diálisis ubicados en dos instituciones de salud. Ambas de tercer nivel. Estos poseen características similares en cuanto a las unidades de dializado y equipos médicos. Cada una de ellas posee 16 unidades para la atención a pacientes y 92 equipos médicos. La diferencia consiste en el servicio de mantenimiento; uno es tercerizado mientras que el otro es propio. Se recolectaron las órdenes de trabajo de mantenimiento por un período de 6 meses y se calcularon los indicadores: Tiempo de Respuesta, Duración Real, Tiempos Perdidos y Tiempo de cambio de estado (TAT) para cada orden de trabajo. Se construyó un predictor para la variable TAT (variable dependiente) en función de las otras variables. Resultados. La calidad del servicio de mantenimiento por la entidad que posee su propio personal es mejor que la entidad con servicios tercerizados. El indicador TAT es como promedio de 2,95 horas para la entidad con mantenimiento propio, mientras que para la otra entidad es de 3,4 horas. Conclusiones: El comportamiento de la productividad del servicio versus la disponibilidad resultó ser de tipo positiva lineal.


Objectives The main goal in this research was comparing two hospitals’ maintenance service quality. One of them had a contract service; the other one had an in-house maintenance service. Materials and methods The authors followed the next stages when conducting this research: domain understanding, data characterisation and sample reduction, insight characterisation and building the TAT predictor. Multiple linear regression and clustering techniques were used for improving the efficiency of corrective maintenance tasks in a clinical engineering department (CED). The indicator being studied was turnaround time (TAT). Results The institution having an in-house maintenance service had better quality indicators than the contract maintenance service. Conclusions There was lineal dependence between availability and service productivity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Biomedical Engineering/instrumentation , Data Mining , Maintenance and Engineering, Hospital/standards , Colombia
8.
Oman Medical Journal. 2009; 24 (4): 242-247
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-101197

ABSTRACT

One of the 21 st century's most promising technologies is nanotechnology. Nanomedicine, an offshoot of nanotechnology, refers to highly specific medical intervention at the molecular scale for curing disease or repairing damaged tissues, such as bone, muscle, or nerve. Nanotechnology is a collective term referring to technological developments on the nanometer scale, usually 0.1- 100n.m. A nanometer is one-billionth of a meter, too small to be seen with a conventional laboratory microscope. It is at this size scale - about 100 nanometers or less- that biological molecules and structures inside living cells operate. Therefore, nanotechnology is engineering and manufacturing at the molecular scale. Utilities of nanotechnology to biomedical sciences imply creation of materials and devices designed to interact with the body at sub-cellular scales with a high degree of specificity. This could be potentially translated into targeted cellular and tissue-specific clinical applications aimed at maximal therapeutic effects with very limited adverse-effects. Nanomedicine can offer impressive resolutions for various life threatening diseases. Disease areas which can be expected to benefit most from nanotechnology within the next few years are cancer, diseases of the cardiovascular system, the lungs, blood, neurological [especially neurodegenerative] diseases, diabetes, inflammatory/infectious diseases, Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease and orthopaedic problems. In the fist half of the 21 st century, nanomedicine should eliminate virtually all medical pain. This article presents an overview of some of the applications of nanotechnology in nanomedicine


Subject(s)
Biomedical Engineering/instrumentation , Delivery of Health Care/methods , Robotics/instrumentation , Nanotechnology , Biomedical Technology , Nanomedicine/classification
9.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-43484

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Investigate the 2D/3D geometry of femoral curvature and femoral length using the advanced technique of computerized tomography combined with reverse engineering techniques. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The present study was performed using reverse engineering technique based on CT data of 99 cadaveric femora. The femur was divided into three segments, proximal, mid-shaft, and distal regions by defining 35% and 65% of the femoral total length as a boundary of each region. The intramedullary canal in the mid-shaft region was mainly extracted to determine the set of circular center, which could consequence to approximate the 3D femoral radius of curvature using the 3D least square best fit. The 3D femoral curvature was then projected into A-P and M-L directions to investigate the correlation of 2D/3D femoral curvature as normal radiographic images. RESULTS: It was found that the average 3D Thai femoral curvature was 895.46-mm (SD = 238.06) and the average femoral total length is 421.96-mm (SD = 27.61). In addition, the 2D femoral curvature derived from sagittal radiographic image can be used to determine the 3D femoral curvature with this equation: R3D = RSagittal + 3.67 with r = 0.987. CONCLUSION: This described technique is a non-destructive method that can effectively assess the internal/ external 3D geometric data of the femur The obtained data is useful to develop a proper design of prosthesis that required inserting into the intramedullary canal. From the present study, it can be concluded that the 2DSagittal femoral curvature derived from standard radiographic image can be represented for the 3D femoral curvature.


Subject(s)
Biomedical Engineering/instrumentation , Cadaver , Femur/anatomy & histology , Humans , Imaging, Three-Dimensional/instrumentation , Pilot Projects , Reference Values , Thailand , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/instrumentation
10.
RBE, Cad. eng. bioméd ; 3(1): 23-8, dez. 1985.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-57210

ABSTRACT

A necessidade de proteçäo do paciente, operador e meio ambiente contra os perigos inerentes à utilizaçäo de instrumentos biomédicos na prática médica, exige a implementaçäo criteriosa de equipamentos biomédicos com características de segurança e qualidade compatíveis com a responsabilidade de suas aplicaçöes. Por outro lado, o projeto e a implantaçäo de instalaçöes elétricas para fins médicos, com características significativamente diferentes das instalaçöes elétricas para outras finalidades, constituem presentemente uma constante preocupaçäo dos responsáveis por complexos hospitalares. O curso proposto visa contribuir com os esforços existentes no setor educacional e formativo desses setores, desenvolvendo-se em um nível de especializaçäo/pós-graduaçäo e com duraçäo estimada de 2 semestres. Convenientes adaptaçöes permitem sua utilizaçäo na orientaçäo do pessoal técnico atuante nesse campo, Havendo a eventual hipótese de sua aplicaçäo futura en nível de graduaçäo


Subject(s)
Biomedical Engineering/instrumentation , Equipment and Supplies , Allied Health Personnel
11.
RBE, Cad. eng. bioméd ; 3(1): 29-45, dez. 1985. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-57217

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho refere-se ao desenvolvimento e testes iniciais de um Cardiógrafo de Deslocamento (D.C.G.) para realizar mediçöes de maneira näo-invasiva da atividade mecânica do coraçäo. O cardioquimógrafo, como também é denominado, é um dispositivo eletrônico que empregando um campo eletromagnético, registra movimentos cardíacos internos ao tórax. A bobina sensora näo necessita estar em contato com o paciente pois o campo penetra dentro do corpo. Distúrbios no campo devido a cinética das paredes do coraçäo säo eletricamente convertidos em sinal analógico, apresentando um padräo de registro característico


Subject(s)
Biomedical Engineering/instrumentation
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